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Map of the Universe, 6 Billion Years into The Past

July 15, 2016 By Carol Harper

map of the Universe

Scientists all over the world worked for a decade to perfect the map of the Universe.

A new three-dimensional map of the Universe, containing 1.2 million galaxies, was released earlier this week. The map was created as a part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III, a program which aims at validating the current cosmologist theories.

The plan covers a volume of 650 cubic billion light-years, and it is the result of a decade of work. The release included a collection of scientific papers that will be published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

One of the purposes was to measure dark energy, the force that accelerates the expansion of the Universe. Even if the scientists were set to search evidence for any unexplained phenomena, the SDSS-III explains they did not find any data contradicting the current theory of the Universe.

The Map of the Universe

The visual representation of the Universe contains millions of dots clustered together into a vast cosmic web. Each dot signals a galaxy, a bound of stars, remnants, dust, gas, and dark matter.

The dots are colored in function of the distance towards Earth, with yellow for close galaxies and purple for distant ones. Because of the time light needs to travel through space, the map shows galaxies 6 billion years into the past.

The structure of the Universe as we can see it now was set in a split of a second after the Big Bang.

However, the map takes into consideration only the observed galaxies, those that had been detected through measurements and space observations. Experts estimate that the Universe may contain as many as 100 billion galaxies in total.

The scientists used the map to measure the void between galaxies to set the quantity of dark energy and dark matter existing in the Universe. They also tried to find out what were the effects of the dark energy in the expansion of the Universe.

The Research Behind the Map

The authors of the two studies published this week say that their dark matter measurements show the Universe is expanding at a very slow rate, with a 20% advance in the last seven billion years.

The scientists managed to create a comprehensive model of the Universe after the Big Bang, which led them to a validation of the standard cosmology theories.

Thus, it seems that galaxies move towards areas that have more matter, an effect of the gravity force.

The amount of the infall respects the theory of general relativity, which makes the researchers believe that the expansion rate is indeed driven by dark energy and other large-scale cosmic phenomena.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey performs massive spectroscopic observations of the distant universe. Up until now, the SDSS managed to detect the baryon acoustic peak inside galaxies’ clusters; it created Milky Way maps, discovered distant quasars, and cool brown dwarfs.

Image Source: Wikipedia

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: 6 Billion Years into The Past, Big Bang, dark energy, dark matter, expansion of the Universe, galaxy clusters, map of the Universe, SDSS III, the theory of general relativity

Hubble Captures Mysterious UGC 4879 Galaxy

June 13, 2016 By Andreas Petersen

UGC 4879 Galaxy

The UGC 4879 Galaxy is considered to be the key to Universe creation.

NASA released a new picture of a far away and isolated galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. The galaxy was named UGC 4879, and scientists believe it may contain the secrets of the Universe. The photograph was published only a couple of days ago and it depicts an irregular bound of stars, situated at millions of light years away.

The Mysterious UGC 4879 Galaxy

The newly found galaxy is situated at the periphery of the Local Group, which includes the Milky Way and 52 other galaxies. The Local Group is a part of the Virgo Supercluster, which may be a component of the Laniakea Supercluster.

The two principal members of the group are Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, both of which have multiple satellite galaxies.

However, the UGC 4879 galaxy is a lot smaller than the other galaxies in its vicinity. It also is less organized, as it lacks both elliptical and spiral features.

UGC 4879 is almost exclusively constituted by dwarfs, all in blue colors. It has low luminosity and no rings, no dust, no gas, and no recent star formation.

Scientists believe that the galaxy may also contain dark matter.

The picture shows a galaxy that is extremely isolated. Its nearest neighbors is Leo A, located 2.3 million light years away. The distance between UGC 4879  and Leo A is similar to that of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way.

Scientists believe that isolation makes it be a perfect object of study. The vast majority of galaxies are interconnected; galaxies and space objects influence one another due to their proximity.

The stars from UGC 4879 are believed to be formed four billion years after the Big Bang, just before the 9 billion years pause in star formation. The stage was continued by a more regular star formation, a trend that is active even now.

As this newly found galaxy is somehow by itself in space, scientists believe that its study could lead to new theories about the birth of galaxies and explanations on its irregular shapes.

About Astronomical Photography

Stars colored in blue are thought to have been formed at the same time as the molecular cloud. They are considered to be young and hot, or massive stars.

The red color indicates a star that is cooler than the Sun, which could mean that it is less massive, or that it is close to dying. These small stars are called red dwarfs and scientists believe they are the most numerous star types in the Milky Way.

Stars are powerfully determined by their mass. Thus, the massive stars burn bright and die young, after only tens of millions of years. Smaller stars are said to live for trillions of years, even more than the current age of our Universe.

Stars like the Sun typically live longer than other large stars. Scientists believe the Sun could survive up to ten billion years.

Image Source: Flickr

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: astronomical photography, Big Bang, dark matter, Hubble Telescope, low luminosity, star creation, UGC 4879 Galaxy

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