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Scientists Discovered the Fossil, Proving the Lineage Between Dinosaurs and Ichthyosaurs. 

November 6, 2014 By Denise Ehrlich

ichthyosaur

Scientists have discovered the fossil record, which was the missing link between an ancient aquatic dolphin like predator and some ancestors called as Ichthyosaurs. These Ichthyosaurs used to live on earth, a long back. Scientists reported that these Ichthyosaurs used to live in sea water, where the dinosaurs evolved from land animals and returned to water, over a long period of time.

Although the lineage had been suspected by the paleontologists for many years, but still the fossil record is not very clear. Researcher speculated that the lineage exists between the land creatures and their ocean going descendants.

Researchers from University of California,Davis found the clear link in the form of a fossil, between the two animals in China in 2011. The fossil is reported to be 248 million years old. The University named it as Cartorhynchus lenticarpus.

Earlier there was no fossil evidence to prove their transition from land to sea, until the discovery in China’s Anuhi Province. On the contrary. Ryosuke Motani, professor of planetary sciences at the University of California reported, “But now we have this fossil showing the transition. Unlike later ichthyosaurs completely adapted to a life at sea, it possessed unusually large and flexible flippers, like a modern-day seal, with flexible wrists that would have allowed it to crawl on the ground. There’s nothing that prevents it from coming onto land.”

It is pertinent to mention here that Ryosuke is the lead author of the study. He further stated that, “And rather than strictly terrestrial or marine, the creature was a true amphibian.”

It sounds reasonable, as the amphibians can switch between both the habitats. They can survive on land and water both. The lead author also reported that the fossil in china fits the picture very nicely.

As per his statement, “The discovery could be a problems for creationists who’ve tried to suggest the creatures’ developing “backward” from land animals to sea creatures somehow disproves evolution. Many creationists have tried to portray ichthyosaurs, as being contrary to evolution. We knew based on their bone structure that they were reptiles, and that their ancestors lived on land at some time, but they were fully adapted to life in the water. So creationists would say, well, they couldn’t have evolved from those reptiles, because where’s the link?”

He reported that, “after a long period, we have finally found the long missed fossil, which is one and a half feet long. It has finally filled the evolutionary gap of the fossil record.

Motani further reported that he is looking for more fossils to improve the record and is also willing to find out the direct ancestors of  Cartorhynchus lenticarpus. He suspects that those ancestors would be amphibians as well, but spent more time on land.

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: Dinosaurs, evolution

Leaky Galaxy Explains A Lot – A New Way to Study Evolution Of World

October 12, 2014 By June Harris

compact-galaxy-star

Ken Croswell of Science magazine paints a vivid picture of what the cosmos was like and is like today. He points out that the universe was born in a hot state of affairs starting off as a conglomeration of electrons and positively charged protons and helium nuclei. When the universe grew it got so much cooler, around 380,000 years after the Big Bang, that the electrons and protons mixed and paired up thus creating neutral hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe.

These free floating hydrogen atoms then absorbed extreme ultraviolet light radiated from the earliest stars. A few hundred million years later the radiation from the growing herds of stars and galaxies tore the electrons from the protons however as of yet how this was done remains a mystery. That was until a new paper that twas published online for the journal Science by researchers Sanchayeeta Borthakur from Johns Hopkins University utilized the Hubble Space Telescope to look at and identify one unusual galaxy named SDSS J0921+4509 that they feel should provide them with more data on how this process of ripping protons from electrons happened.

The researchers discovered that this particular galaxy releases extremely large amounts of extreme ultraviolet radiation that normally is blocked by dust or is sponged up by neutral hydrogen gas. After measuring the amount of ultraviolet light and other light wavelengths they discovered that SDSS J0921+4509 had what’s referred to as an escape fraction of 21%. Researchers noted that that number was high. It’s a number they believe is common to all galaxies during the early part of the universe in order to ionize the hydrogen into what is referred to as the intergalactic medium.

Therefore during these conditions the researchers looked for similar conditions as those of the early universe. In the Johns Hopkins’ “HUB”, a news network the astronomers state that reionization is at the center of the history of the universe and marks the way the very first star and galaxies were born. This time the researchers using the telescope’s spectrograph found just the right galaxy to study.

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: compact, compact galaxy, evolution, galaxy, Ken Croswell, Leaky galaxy

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