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  • Utah Mayor Shares Heartwarming Letter of Man Apologizing for Stealing a Stop Sign 75 Years Ago June 25, 2018
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Scientists Found That The Black Death Was Hiding In Europe

January 24, 2016 By Denise Ehrlich

"black plague"

By reconstructing its genome, scientists found that the Black Death was hiding in Europe in between plagues that devastated the population. It’s known as the most catastrophic epidemic in the history of mankind. Modern strains are much less effective, but it wrecked havoc on the European population.

To this day, there are still several mysteries regarding the Black Plague. Questions have remained unanswered in spite of its worldwide-known and tragic consequences. In the 14th century, it’s estimated that the disease wiped off between 30 to 50% of Europe’s entire population in just 5 years. It spread quickly and there are still doubts in regards its origin.

Experts believe flea-infested rats encouraged the spreading of the disease, with the pests carrying the disease. With lack of hygiene and numerous trading ships that arrived with both cargo and rats among it, it allowed for the Black Death to run rampant. However, throughout centuries, it began to die out with no firm explanation as to how. Its appearance and disappearance were both a mystery.

Researchers from the Max Plank Institute (MPI) in Germany claim to have reconstructed the genome of the infamous Black Death. This has been achievable by studying DNA remnants from teeth samples of victims who had perished in Marseille in the 18th century. The Great Plague of Marseille took place between 1720 and 1722, commonly believed to be the last true outbreak of the plague in Europe.

According to Alexander Herbig from the MPI, they were surprised to find that the strain of Black Death from the 18th century is extinct today. Furthermore, it’s a direct descendant of the strain that destroyed the European population in the 14th century. That suggests that the disease was actually hiding somewhere through the continent. And that’s a “chilling thought”, according to Johannes Krause from MPI’s Department of Archaeogenetics.

It never truly disappeared

It may have been living just around the corner, waiting for the opportunity for an outbreak from a host that is still unknown. While it’s unlikely that the deadly strain is still present somewhere today, it does pose as a worrying fact. It could have arrived from anywhere in the world. Marseille was a hub of trade within the Mediterranean, so the plague could have been brought over from basically anywhere.

The study is crucial to better understanding the devastating disease. It’s a step forward in determining its geographical origins, causes, and how it was able to kill so many people in such little time. It’s undoubtedly the most famous epidemic in history, and there are still many questions surrounding its nature.

Image source: bp.blogspot.com

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: 14th century disease, 18th century disease, black death, black plague, bubonic plague, disease, dna, Europe, genome, max plank institute, pathogen, plague, the plague

Ancient Amulet Found with Palindrome Engraving In Cyprus

January 5, 2015 By Cliff Jenkins Scott

amulet-inscription

Archeologists have uncovered a 1,500-year-old amulet in the aged city of Nea Paphos in Cyprus, which contains an inquisitive palindrome engraving – a content that interprets the same both backwards and forwards – and a few pictures thought to symbolize Egyptian god Osiris, god of silence, Harpocrates, and a canine headed legendary being. Live Science reports that the revelation was made by archeologists with the Paphos Agora Project, who have been exhuming an old agora (meeting place) at Nea Paphos, the most famed and significant spot for venerating Aphrodite in the aged world.

“Paphos, which has been populated since the Neolithic period, was a core of the sect of Aphrodite and of Pre-Hellenic fertility divinities. Aphrodite’s renowned home town was on the island of Cyprus, where her sanctuary was raised by the Myceneans in the twelfth century BC and kept on being utilized until the Roman period,” composes UNESCO. “The site is an immense archeological region, with remnants of manors, royal residences, theaters, forts and tombs. These delineate Paphos’ brilliant l architectural and notable esteem and help broadly to our understanding of early architecture, lifestyles, and philosophy.”

Palindrome Engraving

The talisman found at Nea Paphos, which measures 1.4 x 1.6 inches (3.5 x 4.1 cm), contains a 59-letter palindrome engraving on one side, and a few pictures on the other side.

The engraving, written in Greek, peruses ΙΑΕW ΒΑΦΡΕΝΕΜ ΟΥΝΟΘΙΛΑΡΙ ΚΝΙΦΙΑΕΥΕ ΑΙΦΙΝΚΙΡΑΛ ΙΘΟΝΥΟΜΕ ΝΕΡΦΑΒW ΕΑΙ (“Iahweh is the bearer of the mystery name, the lion of Re secure in his temple”).

The utilization of palindromes is thought to date back no less than 2,000 years, and got to be famous amid the Middle Ages. Byzantine Greeks frequently engraved the palindrome, “Wash [the] sins, not just [the] face” (ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ), on baptismal textual styles. This practice was sustained in several other churches all through Europe, for example, the print style at St. Mary’s Church, Nottingham, o the print in the basilica of St. Sophia, Constantinople, the print of St. Stephen d’egres, Paris.

Engravings of gods

On the opposite side of the amulet are a few pictures, including a mummy lying on a boat, which is thought to symbolize the Egyptian god Osiris. As indicated by Egyptian mythology, Osiris, god of the underworld, was slaughtered by Set, god of storms, anarchy and hostility, which push Osiris in a coffin box and tossed it in the Nile stream. After his body was recouped by Isis, Set tore his body into pieces and tossed it in the Nile River. Isis gathered all the pieces and bound the body together. This type of Osiris moved to the underworld in a boat and got to be god of the dead.

Symbology linking with this story has been seen on amulets before, including this talisman, which delineates Osiris as a mummy, standing to front in a papyrus boat.

Another picture imprinted on the backside of the amulet is of the god of silence, Harpocrates, who is indicated sitting on a stool with his right hand to his lips. Harpocrates was adapted by the Greeks from the Egyptian child god Horus. To the old Egyptians, Horus symbolized the infant Sun, rising every day at dawn.

The last picture found on the amulet was a cynocephalus, a legendary dog-headed animal, which is demonstrated holding a paw up to its lips, as though copying Harpocrates’ gesture. Cynocephaly was well known to the Ancient Greeks from representations of the Egyptian gods Hapi (the son of Horus) and Anubis (the Egyptian god of the dead).

Jagiellonian University professor Ewdoksia Papuci-Wladyka, who conducted the study, told Live Science that the features of the amulet recommend that the antiquated individuals of Cyprus were kept on practicing their customary, polytheistic convictions even after Christianity had turned into the official religion, and that such talismans were utilized for defense from damage and threat. Christianity turned into the official religion in Cyprus in the fifth century AD. “[A]s time went on, customary polytheistic (likewise called pagan) rehearses went under tighter confinements and bans,” composes Live Science. “However, some people continued to practice the old beliefs, worshipping the traditional gods.”

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: Amulet, Aphrodite, Cyprus, Europe, Greek, Harpocrates, Nea Paphos in, palindrome engraving, Paphos, Pre-Hellenic, Talisman

Wolves, Bears and Lynxes Bounce Back in Urban Europe

December 20, 2014 By June Harris

wolves in Europe

Danish scientists carried out a research which shows that there is twice number of wolves, bear and lynxes inhabit in Europe as compared to the other continents.

Although Europe is widely populated and smaller in size but still these species reside there.

Guillaume Chapron, main author of the study informs that it is difficult to locate untouched and unspoiled regions in Europe. Therefore, it is really surprising that these animals chose Europe as their home.

The report printed in the recent edition of Journal Science demonstrates the rehabilitated growth of big mammals in the continent.  Astoundingly, these carnivores are living in unsafe areas where usually animals exist with human. The cooperation of numerous countries and strict rules made it possible for bears.

The researchers accumulated data from most of the European nations except Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. They investigated the number of brown bears, wolverine and Eurasian lynx in each country.

As per the report, wolverine generally found in three continents currently, there are 17,000 brown bears and 1250 wolverine merely in Europe. It indicates that population of big carnivores are stable and ascending.

Additionally, the data reveals that apart from Denmark, Netherlands and Belgium, majority of the European countries are permanent land of these species.

Wolverine cannot live in hot weather conditions. Hence, they are only found in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Scandinavia.

Moreover, the study uncovers that small carnivores are experiencing a decline in Europe.

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: Asia, bear, carnivores, Europe, Journal Science, lynxes, mammals, Urban Europe, wolves

Prime Pump: Central Banks’ New Push

November 22, 2014 By Cliff Jenkins Scott

Central-banks-in-new-push-Prime-Pump

Two main central banks moved Friday to pump up waning worldwide development, sending stock exchanges towering yet bringing up new issues about the constraints of a 7-years stab to use monetary policy to address economic issues.

The People’s Bank of China affirmed a shock decrease in benchmark loaning and deposit rates, the first cuts since 2012, after other measures to enhance vacillating development missed the mark. Afterwards, Mario Draghi, European Central Bank President said the bank may take new measures to boost up inflation, now close to zero, his strongest flag yet that the ECB is getting closer to purchasing a more extensive swath of eurozone bonds.

The moves came about two weeks after the Bank of Japan said it would increase its own securities-buy program known as quantitative easing, or QE, as the Japanese economy fell into a slump.

After twin steps Friday, half a world apart, sent worldwide stock costs strongly higher, reinforced the US dollar and increased oil prices.

The Shanghai Composite Index climbed 1.4%, while Germany’s DAX file hopped 2.6%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average completed up 0.51%, and at 17810.06 is presently closed in on the 18000 threshold that has never been exceeded. The Nikkei rose 0.3%.

Among the whirlwind of national bank movement, the dollar was the champ among worldwide currencies, climbing 0.27% against a broad index of other currencies to put it up 9% for the year.

Despite the fact that the moves to simpler cash in Europe and Asia are useful for depositors, they appear with manifold risks. They could propagate or flicker resource bubbles, or stoke an excessive amount of inflation if taken too far. Likewise, they don’t address the structural issues that lawmakers in every economy are stressed to fix.

The steps, especially in Europe, speak to an inconspicuous underwriting of the Federal Reserve’s easy-money methodology to post-crisis economy, yet come as the US central bank moves its low-interest rate strategies. The Fed a month ago finished a six-year trial regarding security buys, and it has started discussing when to begin raising transient interest rates as the US economy enhances, however, those debates are early and rate increases are likely months away, at the earliest.

Worldwide financial shortcoming creates a quandary for the US. If the Fed pulls away from easy money as other central banks increase cash pumping strategies, it could drive up the value of the US dollar, straining US exports. It also may put descending pressure on US inflation and on commodity prices, which are normally denominated in dollars.

A Cornell University Professor and previous International Monetary Fund economist, Eswar Prasad, said those improvements would make it harder for the Fed to progress on rate increments.

The most recent activities propose that strategy creators in the significant economies are becoming more frantic as they stand up to debilitating local prospects, especially when delicate worldwide interest is weighing down costs and keeping inflation at levels numerous central banks consider frighteningly low.

“We can’t be self-satisfied,” said Mr. Draghi in Frankfurt. “We must be extremely watchful that low inflation does not begin infiltrating through the economy in ways that further exacerbate the economic condition and inflation standpoint.”

Yearly inflation was running at 0.4% in the eurozone a month ago, far beneath the ECB’s 2% focus on, an indication of frail primary economic development.

Mr. Draghi’s remarks raised desires the ECB may soon purchase a lot of corporate debt or government bonds of eurozone affiliates. Bond purchasing is expected to hold down long haul interest rates and drive depositors into more hazardous resources for invigorate borrowing, investment and spending. The practice is a defy in Europe, where the central bank confronts confinements on its capacity to buy individual country debt.

Europe and Japan have comparative issues: Flat-to-declining monetary yield that is pulling inflation down underneath 2% targets. Also, China sees a descending pressure on consumer prices and absolute devaluation in its industrial segment, indications of an economy losing impetus, but from a much speedier development pace.

The Fed chased low-rate, QE experimentation for about 5 years. It pushed US fleeting rates to close to zero in December 2008 and guaranteed to keep them there for long stretches. Persuaded that wasn’t sufficient, it then propelled a few rounds of bond buys that helped push its portfolio of securities, credits and other resources from less than $900 billion to more than $4 trillion.

The approaches didn’t result in the hyperinflation or evident resource/asset bubbles that a few officials and commentators dreaded. The way that the US economy is currently showing improvement over Europe’s or Japan’s proposes the strategies helped enhance development, despite the fact that the level of backing is a matter of incredible discrepancy among economists.

A few spectators have questions about whether easy money strategies will work now in the spots approving them.

“Central banks have done about as much as they can,” said Liaquat Ahamed, creator of “Masters of Finance,” which reported the mistakes, which the worldwide central bankers made before and amid the Great Depression.

He said, Japan is loaded by an exceedingly incompetent domestic economy, and Europe by a fragmented and brittle banking system. Pumping modest credit into these economies won’t straightforwardly settle those issues. “They may be simply replicating the US when they have distinctive issues,” he said. “The world has depended excessively on central banks.”

In the US, Fed authorities have been disappointed that they were consistently depended on to goad development, while the Obama administration and Congress quarreled over fiscal policies that impede development in the short-run without tending to anticipate long-run budget deficiencies.

China is an alternate story. In developed economies, where development is slower, fleeting interest rates have as of now been pushed to almost zero and central banks have engaged unconventional measures to enhance growth. Rates in China are higher, leaving the central bank more room to cut them if it wants to stimulate borrowing and spending.

Filed Under: Business Tagged With: Bonds, central banks, China, ECB, Eswar Prasad, Europe, European Central Bank, Eurozone bonds, Fed, Inflation, Japan, Liaquat Ahamed, Mario Draghi, Obama Administration, People's Bank of China, Prime Pump, us, US dollar

Megalodon became Extinct about 2.6 Million Years ago

October 27, 2014 By June Harris

megalodon-sharks-extinction

A recent study conducted by University of Florida researchers dismisses the claims that the monstrous Megalodon is still alive by revealing the fact that it became extinct 2.6 million years ago. But, scientists are still unclear why these sharks went extinct.

Fossils of Megalodon have been found in North America, Europe, Africa and South America. Most of them measured about 50 feet in length, with a maximum length being 60 feet. Scientists said the marine animals would never dare crossing Megalodon’s way.

Chris Clements, a research assistant at the University of Zurich, said that they used the Optimal Linear Estimation (OLE) technique to estimate when the shark went extinct. The technique doesn’t provide the exact date of extinction. Instead, it gives “a date by which” a species went extinct.

Catalina Pimiento, lead author of the study stated, “I was pinched to the study of Carcharocles Megalodon’s extinction because it is fundamental to know when species became extinct in order to be aware of the causes and consequences of such an event.”

“This study might also help other scientists to better understand the potential widespread effects of losing the planet’s top predators,” he added.

The first phase of Pimiento’s ongoing reconstruction of megalodon’s extinction is represented in the study. Due to the current biodiversity crisis, the modern top predators, particularly large sharks are significantly declining worldwide. The study acts as a basis to better understand the consequences of these changes, Pimiento added.

“When you confiscate large sharks, then small sharks are very abundant and they consume more of the invertebrates that we humans eat. The findings of the study show that large-bodied, shallow-water species of sharks are at greatest risk among marine animals, and the overall risk of shark extinction is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates,” Pimiento said.

Pimiento is planning to further inspect possible correlations between changes in the Megalodon’s distribution and the evolutionary trends of marine animals including whales and other sharks.

Pimiento said, “When we started measuring the time Megalodon’s time of extinction, we observed that the modern function and gigantic sizes of filter feeder whales became established at that time. Further investigation will be done in order to find out if Megalodon’s extinction played a part in the evolution of these new classes of whales.”

Pimiento consumed almost 6 years to unravel the details of Megalodon’s extinction, including ongoing analysis of Megalodon’s body size. The study reveals that Panama served as a nursery habitat for the species.

Jorge Velez-Juarbe, a paleontologist with the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County stated, “The study will not only serve as a key reference for exposing the myth that Megalodon still exists, but its new methods will influence the future of scientific research of extinct animals and plants.

The study has been published in the recent issue of PLOS ONE journal.

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: 2.6 million years ago, 60 feet, Africa, Catalina Pimiento, Chris Clements, Europe, extinct, Megalodon, North America, OLE, Optimal Linear Estimation

Europe Is Considered Today a Driving Force Behind Capital Markets

September 16, 2014 By June Harris

Europe is being considered an overriding driving force today in capital markets. This is based on  preliminary inflation, the M3, and also sentiment surveys that are focused on ECB’s meeting next week. Added with Russia’s presence in Ukraine in the form of troops, weapons, and tanks as an insurgence guise. This of course may lead to war, and in fact, officials from Lithuania are calling it as such. This is certainly going to be the key focus of NATO’s in very important meeting which is held next week.

Europe Is Considered Today a Driving Force Behind Capital MarketsFunding from Europe supplies and preliminary inflation statistics from Spain and Germany are better than expected. The impact initially on the euro was positive and carried the currency back up from last week’s low statistics. However, its momentum  ran out ostensibly because of the current developments in Ukraine. It is important to bear in mind also that month end flows can still be playing a big role.

A significant 1.8% rise in Money supply and M3 last July compared to June’s 1.6% pace. This represents a third of the monthly increase in ratings of the year-over-year. Lending is at a slow pace but still contracting. In fact, it slowed for five consecutive times last July. Business lending statistics didn’t change and stayed at -2.2% year-over-year. Household lendings were also unchanged at 0.5%. Mortgage lending meanwhile not including the calculations of the TLTRO, improved significantly from -0.4% up to -0.1%.

Filed Under: Business Tagged With: Europe

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